Polish League Against Defamation (RDI) was established in response to the spreading of false information and slander about Polish history in the international media, especially concerning World War II and the Holocaust. Its aim is to defend the truth about Poland, protect the country's good name and promote authentic history. RDI believes that Poland's image in the world is crucial for its national security, especially in the context of Article 5 of the NATO Treaty.

RDI has introduced a new perspective in the public debate that raises awareness of the link between Poland's image and its national security. Its activities, such as campaigns against defamation and disinformation and the popularisation of Poland's true history, aim to refute false claims and restore the truth. Thanks to such initiatives, Poland has ceased to be isolated and the world has come to understand the threat posed by Russia and the slander to which Poland has been subjected.

Excerpts from the "Manifesto" of the Polish League Against Defamation show that Poland was wrongly portrayed as an accomplice in World War II and the Holocaust. RDI calls on Poles to become actively involved in defending the country's good reputation. The manifesto also stresses that Poland's credibility as a member of NATO depends on how it is perceived by other nations.

Polish League Against Defamation seeks to invalidate lies and manipulations about Polish history through public action and support of the independence authorities. Its aim is to restore the truth about Poland and Poles and to prevent damage to the country's image. RDI's manifesto emphasises the need for Poles to act to counter disinformation campaigns that may have negative consequences for the country's future.

In 2013, the foundation of the Polish League Against Defamation formally registered and was supported in its activities by the RDI, the World Association of Home Army Soldiers and Capt. Z. Radłowski. They filed a lawsuit for protection of personal rights against the German producers of the TV series Our Mothers, Our Fathers.

The Foundation also organised a public gathering to remember the tragic events of 15 October 1943, when the Germans carried out a series of street executions in occupied Warsaw. In addition, signatures were collected for a petition to the Sejm demanding the criminalisation of the use of the phrase "Polish concentration camps" to refer to German concentration camps, with the aim of declaring this phrase an "Auschwitz lie".

The Foundation also carried out an action involving the hanging of posters in Warsaw to present the historical truth about the Second World War. The content of the posters called for responsibility for the Holocaust, Auschwitz, Treblinka, Majdanek, Sobibor, Dachau, Mautchausen... nur fur Deutsche!”

Another public gathering was organised in front of the headquarters of the ZDF TV correspondent in Warsaw to protest against the broadcast of the slanderous film Our Mothers, Our Fathers and the insulting of the memory of Home Army soldiers by ZDF TV.

The Foundation also undertook an anti-diffamation action in response to the use of the phrase "polnischer Vernichtungslager", or "Polish extermination camp", by the German press agency DPA. This action consisted of appeals to send letters and e-mails protesting against the use of offensive and defamatory phrases aimed at blaming the responsibility for the Holocaust on the Polish Nation, and to instruct journalists on the correct use of phrases referring to German death and concentration camps.

The Foundation also carried out an anti-diffamation campaign calling on people to send e-mails demanding the removal or correction of the content of an article on the website of the British newspaper Daily, which contained untrue wording.

On 15 October 2014, a public assembly was held at the wall with a plaque commemorating the 1944 street executions, located at the intersection of Marszałkowska Street and Jerozolimskie Avenue. The purpose of the gathering was not only to honour the victims of the street executions, but also to call on the Polish government to pursue a historical policy and to strongly condemn Russia's plans to build a monument to the victims of the 'Polish death camps'.

On 1 September 2014, the 75th anniversary of Germany's attack on Poland, public assemblies were organised in front of German diplomatic missions such as the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Embassy in London. During these assemblies, a statement by the Polish League Against Defamation was read out, recalling that Germany was responsible for the outbreak of the Second World War and that its purpose in the war was to exterminate the peoples living in Poland.

On 1 August, a public gathering was held at the intersection of Jerozolimskie Avenue and Marszałkowska Street in Warsaw, under the plaque commemorating those executed. The aim of the gathering was to pay tribute to the Warsaw Insurgents and to call on the government to pursue a patriotic historical policy. The gathering also collected signatures for a petition to the Sejm to punish the use of the phrase "Polish concentration camps".

A letter was sent to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Grzegorz Schetyna, calling on him to intervene on the plans of the Russian Military-Historical Society, which had started a public fundraising for a monument to the "Murdered in Polish Death Camps". This monument was to commemorate Soviet prisoners of war who died in prisoner of war camps during the 1920 war.

Thanks to a protest action by Polish League Against Defamation, British Airways decided to withdraw the German series Our Mothers, Our Fathers from their in-flight programme. The series portrayed the Home Army in a demeaning and hypocritical manner.

Four questions were put to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Radosław Sikorski, concerning the action taken by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to prevent the broadcast of the series 'Our Mothers, Our Fathers' on foreign television channels.

In December, the Documentation Department of the Polish League Against Defamation produced a report on the situation of Poles in Norway, which found violations of the fundamental principles of equality. The department assessed that these practices are due to the racist and discriminatory attitude of Norwegians and Norwegian authorities towards Poles. The protest action by the RDI had the desired effect, as the term 'Polish extermination camps' was replaced by the term 'German extermination camps in Nazi-occupied Poland' on Norwegian public television NRK.

In response to RDI's protest action, the Norwegian Media Ethics Council issued a statement clarifying that it did not sanction the term "Polish concentration camp", but accepted the apology of the newspaper Avisa Sor-Trondelag.

The Polish League Against Defamation called for a letter of protest to be signed to the Norwegian Council of Media Ethics regarding its decision to accept the phrase 'Polish concentration camps'. The case concerned a review of the film 'Lektor' that appeared in a Norwegian newspaper on 15 August, where the author used the term when writing about the main character's past.

An independence concert was organised at the Church of the Holy Cross Basilica in Warsaw, during which it was possible to sign a petition to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland to pass a law criminalising the use of the phrase "Polish concentration camps" as soon as possible.

On 17 September, thePolish League Against Defamation reported that J.T. Gross had committed an offence of insulting the Polish Nation on the website of the German daily newspaper Die Welt. The notice concerned, among other things, the words that "Poles killed more Jews during the war than Germans". The Warszawa-Śródmieście District Prosecutor's Office opened proceedings in this case.

The Polish League Against Defamation issued a statement on Jan Tomasz Gross's slander against Poland that appeared in Die Welt. The text contained, among other things, sentences about "Poland's Nazi past" and the claim that "Poles killed more Jews than Germans".

A letter was sent to the Norwegian Ambassador strongly protesting against the use of slanderous anti-Polish expressions such as "Polish concentration camps" and "Polish death camps" in the Norwegian media.

As a result of an action organised by the Polish League Against Defamation and supported by supporters, CNN changed the text in which Auschwitz was referred to as a 'Polish camp'. The action consisted of sending emails to the author of the text, demanding the correction of the inaccurate designation of the camp.

On 8 May, the Polish League Against Defamation organised a public gathering in Warsaw at the plaque commemorating the March 1944 street execution, to mark the 70th anniversary of the German capitulation. During the gathering, tributes were paid to Polish soldiers fighting against the invaders and to the victims of German and Russian atrocities. Signatures were also collected for a petition to the parliament on the passing of a law criminalising the use of the phrase "Polish concentration camps".

On 9 December, we filed a lawsuit to the prosecutor's office about the possibility of Facebook committing a crime. The lawsuit was filed in response to numerous notifications about the blocking of Catholic and nationalist profiles, as well as the toleration of content referring to communist symbols. The case was handled by the District Court in Warsaw. In December, in cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, we published a guide containing tips for Poles living outside Poland, particularly in the United Kingdom. The guide describes what to do in a situation where one is confronted with anti-Polish behaviour, with humiliation of Poles as workers, and how to resist attempts at exploitation. We won! In accordance with a court ruling, "Wprost" was forced to correct untrue or inaccurate information contained in the press material entitled "Licencja na zabijanie od Rzeczpospolitej", which concerned the so-called Home Army enforcers (the Bak brothers). We supported, legally and financially, two members of the Bąk family who filed a lawsuit against the weekly. On 25 October, RDI presented an IT system for the detection of defamation in the Intern. The developed system searches millions of publications for the use of false memory codes such as 'Polish concentration camp', 'Polish ghetto', 'Polish SS'. On 8 November, on the initiative of the Łączka Foundation and the RDI Foundation, a Social National Tribunal was set up to incarcerate communist murderers who have not yet received due punishment for their crimes. It is a civic court, and therefore the sentences had a symbolic dimension - a verdict of infamy. In the Polish tradition, an infamis was a person who was outside the margin of society. The infamis was punished for shameful acts, robberies, thefts and rapes. No one was allowed to contact an infamous person, give him shelter or help him. Nowadays we call an infamous person a person who knowingly acts against the Motherland. These are perpetrators of communist crimes in the uniforms of the UB and SB, WP, KBW, ZOMO and others. The members agreed that in January 2017 the case against Bolesław Bierut and Stefan Michnik will be proceeded against. On the 77th anniversary of the Soviet Union's aggression against Poland, in order to commemorate those moments and honour the fallen, we prepared several events: an urban game on the history and culture of Warsaw in the 1930s, a multimedia exhibition "If I forget about them...", which showed the scale of the Soviet genocide committed against Poles in 1937-56, and a concert by the band Contra Mundum. In August, thanks to the efforts of the Polish League Against Defamation, 13-year-old Józio from Norway received a Polish passport. The boy had been forcibly taken in by the Norwegian Children's Administration after the death of his mother and had been placed with a foster family. On 1 August, Mr Krystian Brodacki, with the support of the RDI, filed a lawsuit, for violation of personal rights and payment of compensation, against the Onet.pl group. The case concerned a photograph showing women being led to their execution at Palmiry, which was used as an illustration for a story about prostitution and collaboration during the Second World War. In the photograph, Mr Krystian recognised his mother, Maria Brodacka, who was executed in Palmiry in June 1940. In July, in cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in connection with World Youth Day we prepared the publication "Ambassador of Polishness" for families hosting pilgrims. The publication talked about how to promote Poland and Polish values, and recalled basic information about our culture and history. Publication in Polish, free of charge, print run of 250,000 copies On 18 July, a civil lawsuit was launched against the producers of the TV series Our Mothers, Our Fathers, i.e. UFA Fiction and ZDF (German TV channel II) for violation of personal rights in the form of the right to national identity, the right to national pride and dignity and freedom from hate speech. The Polish League Against Defamation legally supported the plaintiffs - a 92-year-old soldier of the Home Army, former prisoner of the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp, and the World Association of Home Army Soldiers - in their fight for due justice.

We organised a conference at the PAP press centre, during which we informed about the preparation of a lawsuit against Hans G. and about the trial against the makers of the film "Our Mothers, Our Fathers", which starts on 18 July In June, we launched the action "Reparation for Zamojszczyzna". We undertook research on the possibility of seeking reparations from the still living German perpetrators of crimes against the inhabitants of the villages of Zamojszczyzna. This was to compensate for violated personal rights, such as the right to have parents (as far as orphans whose parents were murdered by the German occupiers were concerned). In June, we organised an urban game consisting of six tasks. Participants had to demonstrate their knowledge of folk costumes, the lineage of Polish kings, the titles of patriotic songs, and knowledge of Poland's borders. There was also one cipher task to solve. Project carried out in cooperation with PGE Polska Grupa As part of the anti-diplomacy campaign 'Gielen', we sent information to the German media about the behaviour of a German entrepreneur who called himself a Nazi. In March, we submitted a notification to the District Prosecutor's Office in Puck on the possibility of an offence being committed under Article 304 of the Code of Criminal Procedure by Hans Gielen , Vice President of the POS System Company. The case concerned statements made to Ms Natalia Nitek, which referred to Nazi ideology, hatred and the desire to exterminate Poles as a national group. We sent a letter-warning to the editors of foreign media (mainly in Germany), warning against the use of the phrase "Polish concentration camps" in anniversary articles in connection with the next anniversary of the "liberation of Auschwitz". We filed a notice to the Public Prosecutor's Office in a case concerning the commission of a crime, by the editors of the Swiss-German weekly Newsweek Polska described in Article 137 KK, by destroying the national emblem in order to prepare a photo for the cover of issue 2/16. On the 153rd anniversary of the January Uprising, the Polish League Against Defamation together with the John Paul II Collection Museum organised a concert commemorating the Polish independence uprising. We sent a package of information to all MEPs about the real situation in Poland (just before the debate in the European Parliament). We acted in accordance with our statute, where one of the tasks is to inform about the Polish present.

The Polish League Against Defamation has achieved several successes in its fight for the good name of Poland and Poles. The District Court in Krakow ordered Onet.pl to publish an apology for using a photo of Polish women being led to execution in Palmiry to illustrate an article about Polish women's relationships with Germans and prostitution during World War II. Additionally, Onet was required to pay compensation to Mr. Krystian Brodacki. In a similar case, the District Court in Warsaw ordered The Jewish News to remove an article and photos defaming Poles, which suggested Polish responsibility for the Holocaust. The court also handled a case against the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, which published false information about alleged Polish complicity in Nazi crimes during the Holocaust.

RDI Foundation organized the "Support Poland! Wspieraj Polskę" conference, aiming to exchange experiences with the Polish diaspora regarding the defense of Poland's good name. During the conference, they presented the "Rycerz" system developed by Polish League Against Defamation, which allows users to report slanderous statements about Poland appearing in various foreign media. The Foundation also filed lawsuits against different media outlets and institutions, such as The Jewish News, Haaretz, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, BBC, and le Parisien, for publishing false information or defamatory content about Poland and Poles.

The Polish League Against Defamation also works to withdraw materials that defame Poland from circulation. As a result of their intervention, a German history textbook containing the phrase "Polish camp" was withdrawn from distribution. The Foundation also pays attention to theatrical productions that include content insulting Polish symbols and values and takes legal action if necessary.

RDI also intervenes in foreign media outlets that use defamatory terms against Poland. In such cases, the Foundation sends information warnings to journalists, drawing attention to errors and irresponsible wording.

The Polish League Against Defamation is involved in numerous initiatives aimed at protecting the good name of Poland and Poles.

Polish League Against Defamation, formerly known as Reduta Dobrego Imienia, has achieved a series of successes in the fight against misinformation and offensive content concerning Poland and the Polish nation. One of our accomplishments is the ruling of the District Court in Krakow in the case against the producers of the TV series "Our Mothers, Our Fathers". The Court unequivocally found the producers, the German channel ZDF, and UFA Fiction guilty of defaming the soldiers of the Home Army. As a result of the ruling, the producers have been obliged to issue public apologies on TVP1, German television channels, and their websites. Additionally, they must provide compensation for the infringement of Captain Z. Radłowski's personal rights.

The Polish League Against Defamation has also intervened in the case of a defamatory article published in the Kyiv Post, where the author falsely claimed that Polish units were involved in the Lviv pogrom in 1941. As a result of our intervention, we demanded a rectification, apologies, and the removal of false content from the website.

In support of an anti-communist activist, we filed a lawsuit against the publisher Fakt24.pl. The case involved accusations in an article that falsely portrayed Henryk Kostrzewa as a communist criminal. Our legal actions helped restore the truth and the violated personal rights of the individual depicted in the photo, Mr. Janusz Fatyga. We continuously monitor foreign publications and respond to any attempts to distort historical truth. We addressed the lies contained in a report by an American foundation regarding the Holocaust sites in Poland, which were published, among others, in the "Jerusalem Post". Our intervention aimed to protect the good reputation of Poland and the Polish nation.

Not only do we defend our history, but we also restore justice for individuals and people affected by false accusations. In June, the District Court in Łódź ordered apologies and compensation for our client, who was unjustly accused of collaboration with the German occupiers during World War II. Our effective defense in legal proceedings demonstrates that we do not allow impunity for those who spread lies and tarnish the good name of the Polish people.

Polish League Against Defamation, an organization dedicated to defending the good name of Poland, has achieved a series of victories in legal battles and defamation cases. In the Wejherowo District Court, a verdict was reached in a criminal case against Hans G., who was found guilty of insulting and threatening Natalia Nitek-Płażyńska. Hans G. was sentenced to eight months of suspended imprisonment and ordered to pay a fine of 20,000 Polish złoty, as well as approximately 10,000 złoty in compensation to the victims. We initiated and financially supported the proceedings. In December 2019, RDI published a report analyzing major streaming platforms such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, HBO, and Hulu. The report was issued in response to the Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki and the Minister of Foreign Affairs reacting to inaccuracies in the documentary series "Ivan the Terrible from Treblinka." The report thoroughly examined 557 feature films and 47 documentaries. In October, a lawsuit was filed by Filomena Leszczyńska against Prof. Jan Grabowski and Prof. Barbara Engelking, co-authors of the controversial book "Dalej jest noc" ("Night Will Fall"). RDI provided legal support to Filomena Leszczyńska, who sought to defend the memory of her late uncle, Edward Malinowski. The book falsely portrayed him as "co-responsible for the deaths of dozens of Jews," despite his actual efforts to provide shelter for Jews during the Holocaust. RDI conducted extensive research and archival investigations to support the case.

We also achieved legal victories against various media outlets. In one case, the publisher Fakt.pl was ordered to publish an apology and provide compensation for violating personal rights. Newsweek.pl was also sued and ordered by the Supreme Court to publish a correction regarding false information about Polish concentration camps. Another significant success involved the German newspaper Frankfurter Rundschau, which was required to apologize for its publication on Polish historical policy.

Polish League Against Defamation has been actively involved in protecting the reputation and national identity of Poland. Through legal interventions, the organization has fought against misinformation, defamation, and the portrayal of Poles in a negative light, achieving significant legal outcomes in several high-profile cases.

We provided legal support to Captain Zbigniew Radłowski and the World Association of Home Army Soldiers in a case against the German television station ZDF and the producer of the film "Our Mothers, Our Fathers." We published a report as part of the RDI Reports and Analyses series, which discussed fake news regarding the coronavirus in Poland. The report presented numerous examples of false information and disinformation primarily appearing on Twitter since the beginning of the pandemic.

Polish League Against Defamation provided support to Editor Cynthia Harasim, who filed a lawsuit against Marta Lempart and Klementyna Suchanow. The National Prosecutor's Office joined the appeal in the case of Natalia-Nitek Płażyńska's lawsuit against Hans G. RDI won another case against Ringier Axel Springer, which was obliged to apologize to Janusz Fatyga on their website Fakt.pl for a period of one month and pay compensation. We also supported the Municipality of Tuszów Narodowy in a lawsuit against Bart Staszewski, the creator of disinformation about "LGBT-free zones" in Poland. The Municipality of Zakrzówek also received support in filing a lawsuit against Bart Staszewski to protect personal rights. The organization provided support to Natalia Nitek-Płażyńska in obtaining an enforcement title from a bailiff at the request of Hans G.

A report from the RDI Reports and Analyses series was published regarding the Belarusian armed forces in the face of the people's revolution. Polish League Against Defamation presented a civic project to amend the Press Law, aimed at preventing the protraction of proceedings in cases of rectification of false information and stopping "character assassination" actions in the media.

A report was published on the events in Belarus and a report titled "Sources and Implications of the U.S. Riots Following the Death of George Floyd." RDI intervened at Philosophy Now's editorial office regarding a false thesis concerning "Polish death squads" during World War II.

Podcasts were launched, discussing various issues related to freedom of speech, disinformation, and media manipulation. The program featured experts, lawyers, and public figures who shared their experiences and knowledge about the threats to freedom of speech.

Polish League Against Defamation participated in many conferences and debates on media freedom and combating disinformation. The organization also collaborated with other similar organizations both domestically and internationally to exchange experiences and create effective strategies to counter disinformation.

As part of its educational activities, RDI organized workshops and training sessions for journalists, students, and other interested individuals. The training topics included recognizing disinformation, press law, journalistic ethics, and other important issues related to freedom of speech and responsible journalism.

In 2020, Polish League Against Defamation received the "Citizen of Freedom of Speech" award for its commitment to defending true information and fighting disinformation. The award was presented by a non-governmental organization working for media freedom and democracy.

Polish League Against Defamation continues its activities, engaging in various issues and initiatives to protect freedom of speech and counter media manipulation. The organization is active on multiple fronts, both legally and socially, to promote accurate information and freedom of expression.

We have completed the first stage of the "Layers of Memory" project, which is an interactive map of Polish history. The aim of this project is to popularize the true history of Poland by visualizing key events on an online map, serving the education of the younger generation and promoting knowledge about the country's history. The first stage focused on the sites of martyrdom of Polish citizens during World War II and the period of communist oppression.

As part of this project, RDI has released a podcast titled "Unpunished Germans Part I." This material addresses the question of why only about 2% of German perpetrators were punished for their crimes, examining the factors that contributed to their evasion of accountability. The podcast also presents the political and social context that influenced the lack of punishment for the majority of German perpetrators.

Unfortunately, the proceedings against professors Barbara Engelking and Jan Grabowski concluded with the death of Filomena Leszczyńska, which marked the end of the case. However, Polish League Against Defamation continues its efforts to defend historical truth and support Filomena Leszczyńska in her legal battle.

It is worth mentioning the cassation complaint filed by the German companies ZDF and UFA Fiction with the Supreme Court. The complaint concerns a part of the Appellate Court's verdict, which ordered an apology to the World Association of Home Army Soldiers for the content presented in the series "Our Mothers, Our Fathers."

Another significant moment is the astonishing verdict of the Court of Second Instance in the case of Filomena Leszczyńska's lawsuit against professors Engelking and Grabowski. The court ruled that academic freedom outweighs the accuracy of historical research, which was a controversial decision. RDI has declared its support for Filomena in her further legal fight.

Polish League Against Defamation is also involved in various actions and events, such as organizing the "Living Symbol" for the Warsaw Uprising, where a multitude of people form a "Living Anchor" in the Square, paying tribute to the insurgents who fought for independence during the Warsaw Uprising.

The organization has also provided legal support to individuals whose personal rights have been violated and has published reports and analyses on important events such as the US elections, military tensions in Eastern Europe related to Russia, and a hypothetical war in the Baltic countries and Poland.

We actively intervened in matters related to the naming of the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp, striving to preserve an accurate and appropriate description of this site of tragic crimes. Furthermore, the organization defended the right to life of a Polish person in a coma, participating in a complex legal process.

Reduta Dobrego Imienia - Polish League Against Defamation has celebrated its 10th anniversary of operation. They have published several reports and analyses during this time, shedding light on important topics. One such report focused on the assistance provided by Poland to Ukraine in the context of the full-scale Russian invasion, analyzing military, political, economic, and social support. Another report examined the United States' response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, exploring the decision-making process and actions taken by the US in support of Ukraine.

RDI also published a report analyzing Ukrainian counteroffensives in the Kherson and Kharkiv regions, providing insight into key military actions taken by the Ukrainian army since the Russian aggression began. In a separate development, the first hearing took place at the District Court in Warsaw regarding a lawsuit filed by Professor Jan Grabowski against Polish League Against Defamation. This lawsuit was initiated in early 2019, a year and a half after RDI published a statement questioning Professor Grabowski's research methods, supported by 135 Polish scholars.

Polish League Against Defamation continued its involvement in organizing events such as the "Living Symbol for the Warsaw Uprising," which aims to unite different generations and communities to commemorate the sacrifices made during the uprising. Their commitment to preserving historical memory and educating others extends beyond Poland's borders.

Additionally, we released reports and analyses on various topics related to the ongoing war in Ukraine, including the military aspect of the conflict and the impact of disinformation and information warfare targeting Poland during the Russian aggression. They also published podcasts and newsletters addressing the Ukrainian war and the current state of affairs.

Furthermore, Polish League Against Defamation actively engaged in advocating for accurate naming conventions related to Auschwitz-Birkenau, sending letters to over 67,000 journalists worldwide to inform them about the appropriate terminology.

Through its activities and publications, RDI has demonstrated its commitment to defending historical truth, promoting knowledge, and addressing defamation issues in Poland and beyond.

Reduta welcomed the New Year with a new website.

The new website is user-friendly, highly intuitive, and packed with informative content. It incorporates modern solutions that allow for interaction, easy navigation through interesting topics, and contact with Reduta through online applications. It provides options for easy support and offers information about current activities. We invite you to visit us at https://rdi.org.pl.

In April, we also completed another project from the "Layers of Memory" series, showcasing the greatest achievements of our era.

"Polska Myśl Naukowa" (Polish Scientific Thought) is a platform presenting an interactive map of outstanding scientists, commemorating individuals who have had a significant impact on the development of science and Polish scientific achievements in various fields.

The map features points indicating birthplaces and places of death, but most importantly, it highlights the areas of activity and operation of Polish scholars and inventors in the scientific domain over the past centuries. It showcases their accomplishments and renowned achievements.

" Polish Scientific Thought " refers to the intellectual contributions and achievements of Polish scholars and scientists throughout history. Poland has a rich tradition of scientific research, and eminent figures such as Nicolaus Copernicus and Marie Curie have made significant contributions to fields such as astronomy, chemistry, physics, and medicine. Polish scientists have also excelled in mathematics, computer science, engineering, and social sciences.

Despite significant challenges throughout its history, including periods of foreign rule and wars, Poland continues to produce innovative thinkers and researchers. Today, Poland has a thriving scientific community and is home to many world-class universities, research institutions, as well as promising startups and innovative companies. Therefore, it is even more worthwhile to delve into the historical layer of Polish science, which we present at https://naukowcy.warstwypamieci.pl/

We also created a landing page https://warstwypamieci.pl